O’Nyong-Nyong Virus
O’Nyong-Nyong Virus
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET – INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES
SECTION I – INFECTIOUS AGENT
NAME: O’Nyong-Nyong virus
SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Epidemic polyarthritis and rash, O’Nyong-Nyong virus disease, ONN
CHARACTERISTICS: Togaviridae (formerly group A arboviruses), genus Alphavirus; spherical, enveloped virions 60 nm in diameter, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome
SECTION II – HEALTH HAZARD
PATHOGENICITY: Self limiting febrile viral disease; Characterized by arthralgia or arthritis typically in the knee, ankle and small joints of the extremities, followed by a maculopapular rash in 60-70% of cases; buccal and palatal enanthema can occur; Inapperent infections are common, immunity is long lasting
EPIDEMIOLOGY: Found in Africa
HOST RANGE: Humans
INFECTIOUS DOSE: Not known
MODE OF TRANSMISSION: By bite of an infective mosquito
INCUBATION PERIOD: Greater than 8 days
COMMUNICABILITY: No evidence of person-to-person transmission
SECTION III – DISSEMINATION
RESERVOIR: Unknown
ZOONOSIS: No
VECTORS: Mosquitoes – Anopheles spp. A. funestus, A gambiae
SECTION IV – VIABILITY
DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: No antiviral available to date
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Sensitive to 70% ethanol, 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde, Sensitive to lipid solvents
PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Inactivated by moist, dry heat> 58o C; Sensitive to drying
SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Unknown, less than one day in culture medium at 37o C
SECTION V – MEDICAL
SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms; confirm by serological analysis and viral isolation in mice
FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Mainly supportive therapy
IMMUNIZATION: None available to date
PROPHYLAXIS: None available
SECTION VI – LABORATORY HAZARDS
LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: Two cases of O’Nyong Nyong virus infection were reported by 1980
SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Blood
PRIMARY HAZARDS: Accidental parenteral inoculation, aerosols
SPECIAL HAZARDS: None
SECTION VII – RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS
CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices and containment equipment for all activities involving the virus and potentially infectious body fluids or tissues
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves when skin contact with infectious materials is unavoidable
OTHER PRECAUTIONS: Frequent handwashing
SECTION VIII – HANDLING INFORMATION
SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing gently cover the spill with absorbent paper towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite starting at the perimeter and working towards the center; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up
DISPOSAL: Decontaminate all wastes before disposal; steam sterilization, chemical disinfection, incineration
STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled
SECTION IX – MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
Date prepared: March, 2001
Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC
Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date.
Copyright © Health Canada, 2001
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