Pasteurella spp.

Pasteurella spp.

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET – INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES

SECTION I – INFECTIOUS AGENT

NAME: Pasteurella spp.

SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Shipping fever, Pasteurella haemolytica, P. pneumotropica, P. aerogenes, P. sallinavum, P. multocida, Pasteurellosis

CHARACTERISTICS: Non-spore forming, nonmotile, bipolar, gram negative coccobacilli; tendency towards pleomorphism, aerobic; 1.4 µm by 0.4 µm in size

SECTION II – HEALTH HAZARD

PATHOGENICITY: Localized infection such as cellulitis and abscess; onset less than 24 hours after animal bite or scratch; progress to osteomyelitis and arthritis in some individuals; less common forms chronic pulmonary infections, bacteremia, meningitis and septicemia; otitis media, hepatic cirrhosis and peritonitis are unusual manifestations

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Worldwide; normal flora in many domestic animals (especially cats and dogs); rate of colonization of animals is higher during the cold seasons

HOST RANGE: Domestic and wild animals; humans are accidental hosts

INFECTIOUS DOSE: Not known

MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Primarily by animal bite or scratch (especially from cats and dogs); inhalation of aerosols; wound contamination from infected tissues; mechanical transmission by fleas, flies and cockroaches

INCUBATION PERIOD: Symptoms less than 24 hours after an animal bite

COMMUNICABILITY: Communicable during period of active disease

SECTION III – DISSEMINATION

RESERVOIR: Cats, dogs; wild animals; birds (fowl)

ZOONOSIS: Yes, by animal bite or scratch

VECTORS: Fleas, flies, cockroaches, mosquitoes

SECTION IV – VIABILITY

DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Sensitive to penicillin G and its derivatives (ampicillin, carbencillin, piperacillin), tetracycline, cephalothin, chloramphenicol

DRUG RESISTANCE: First generation cephalosporins are ineffective

SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to most disinfectants; 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde, 70% ethanol

PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Inactivated at 55° C for 15 minutes; unstable at low pH

SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Blood remains infectious for 10 days under ambient conditions; infectious tissues survive up to 3 days in sunshine; survives in water at room temperature up to 5 days

SECTION V – MEDICAL

SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms

FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Administer antibiotic therapy, surgery

IMMUNIZATION: None available

PROPHYLAXIS: None

SECTION VI – LABORATORY HAZARDS

LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: Two case were reported associated with laboratory animals up to 1976

SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Lesion material (exudate and sputum); blood

PRIMARY HAZARDS: Accidental parental inoculation; exposure to infectious aerosols

SPECIAL HAZARDS: Naturally and experimentally infected animals pose a risk for laboratory and animal care personnel

SECTION VII – RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS

CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices, containment, equipment and facilities for activities involving clinical specimens and cultures of all species

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves and gown with ties in the back tight wrist when working with infectious materials

OTHER PRECAUTIONS: Heavy protective gloves and face shields to protect from infectious droplets or tissues fragments

SECTION VIII – HANDLING INFORMATION

SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing, gently cover spill with absorbent paper towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite starting at the perimeter and working towards centre; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up

DISPOSAL: Decontaminate all wastes before disposal; steam sterilization, chemical disinfection, incineration

STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled

SECTION IX – MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION

Date prepared: March, 2001

Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC

Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date.

Copyright © Health Canada, 2001

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