Brugia spp.
Brugia spp.
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET – INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES
SECTION I – INFECTIOUS AGENT
NAME: Brugia spp.
SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Brugia malayi, B. timori, filariasis, Brugian filariasis, Malayan filariasis, Timorean filariasis
CHARACTERISTICS: Filarial parasite (nematode), sheathed microfilariae are 200-300 µm in length and 4-7 µm in width
SECTION II – HEALTH HAZARD
PATHOGENICITY: Characterized by recurring lymphadenitis and lymphangitis accompanied with fever; lymphatic abscesses and consequent scarring are common features; lymphedema appears and progresses to elephantiasis usually confined to the distal extremities in a small proportion of cases
EPIDEMIOLOGY: B. malayi endemic in Southeast Asia, rural southwest India, Sri Lanka, China and South Korea: B. timori found in Timor, Flores, Alor, Roti, and South East Indonesia
HOST RANGE: Humans, cats, civet, nonhuman primates and mosquitoes
INFECTIOUS DOSE: Not known
MODE OF TRANSMISSION: By the bite of an infected mosquito; B. malayi transmitted by various species of Mansonia, Anopheles and Aedes; B. timori transmitted by Anopheles barbirostris
INCUBATION PERIOD: Variable; allergic manifestations may appear as early as a month after infection; microfilariae may not appear in blood until 3-6 months after infection.
COMMUNICABILITY: Not directly transmitted from person-to-person; microfilariae may persist for 5 years or longer after initial infection; mosquito becomes infective about l2-l4 days after an infective blood meal
SECTION III – DISSEMINATION
RESERVOIR: Humans with microfilariae in the blood (B. malayi and B. timori); cats, civets, nonhuman primates and mosquitoes (B. malayi)
ZOONOSIS: Yes – infection acquired by a mosquito bite
VECTORS: Yes – mosquitoes (Mansonia, Anopheles and Aedes spp.)
SECTION IV – VIABILITY
DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Sensitive to diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde
PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Sensitive to drying
SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Sensitive to freezing
SECTION V – MEDICAL
SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms; confirm by microscopic demonstration of microfilariae in blood
FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Administer appropriate drug therapy
IMMUNIZATION: None available
PROPHYLAXIS: Daily dose of diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
SECTION VI – LABORATORY HAZARDS
LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: None reported to date
SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Blood specimens
PRIMARY HAZARDS: Ingestion; accidental parenteral inoculation; droplet exposure of mucous membrane
SPECIAL HAZARDS: None
SECTION VII – RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS
CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices and containment equipment for all activities involving the parasite, infectious or potentially infectious body fluids or tissues
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves when skin contact with infectious materials is unavoidable
OTHER PRECAUTIONS: None
SECTION VIII – HANDLING INFORMATION
SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing, gently cover the spill with absorbent paper towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite, starting at the perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up
DISPOSAL: Decontaminate all wastes before disposal: steam sterilization, chemical disinfection, incineration
STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled
SECTION IX – MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
Date prepared: November 1999
Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC
Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date.
Copyright © Health Canada, 2001
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