Diphtheroids
Diphtheroids
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET – INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES
SECTION I – INFECTIOUS AGENT
NAME: Diphtheroids
SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Any member of Corynebacterium other than C. diphtheriae; pseudodiphtheria; Proprionibacterium; C. bovis, C. xerosis, C. pyogenes, C. haemolyticum, C. pseudotuberculosis, C. ulcerans
CHARACTERISTICS: Gram positive straight to slightly curved rods; nonsporulating; non-motile; irregularly stained, sometimes granular; may be arranged in angular and palisade groups
SECTION II – HEALTH HAZARD
PATHOGENICITY: Includes human and animal parasites and pathogens as well as nonpathogens; C. haemolyticum – associated with pharangitis and skin ulcers in man; C. pseudotuberculosis – usually disease of lower animals but can cause zoonotic disease in humans; C. pyogenes – toxicogenic in animals and isolated from human pharyngitis and skin lesions; C. ulcerans – toxigenic causing nasopharyngeal infections; C. xerosis – opportunistic species found in conjunctival sac and on skin and mucous membranes
EPIDEMIOLOGY: Worldwide
HOST RANGE: Humans, many domestic animals – cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs
INFECTIOUS DOSE: Unknown
MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Usually opportunistic pathogens; contact with infected animals or food
INCUBATION PERIOD: Unknown
COMMUNICABILITY: Low
SECTION III – DISSEMINATION
RESERVOIR: Many domestic animals – cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses; deer; mice and rats
ZOONOSIS: Yes, depending on species
VECTORS: None
SECTION IV – VIABILITY
DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Sensitive to penicillin, erythromycin and tetracyline
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to many disinfectants – 1% sodium hypochlorite, 70% ethanol, glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, iodines
PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Sensitive to moist heat (121·C for at least 15 min) and dry heat (160-170·C for at least 1 hour)
SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Some species do not survive well outside of host
SECTION V – MEDICAL
SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms; immunological techniques are not available
FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Antibiotic therapy
IMMUNIZATION: None
PROPHYLAXIS: Antibiotic prophylaxis
SECTION VI – LABORATORY HAZARDS
LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: 33 reported cases of C. diphtheria; no reported cases with other Corynebacterium spp.
SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Exudates or secretions of the nose, throat, pharynx; wound exudates; blood; skin
PRIMARY HAZARDS: Inhalation of infectious aerosols and droplets; accidental parenteral inoculation; ingestion
SPECIAL HAZARDS: None
SECTION VII – RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS
CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices, containment equipment and facilities for all activities involving known or potentially infected clinical materials or cultures; animal-biosafety level 2 facilities for studies utilizing infected laboratory animals
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves when direct contact with infectious materials is unavoidable
OTHER PRECAUTIONS: None
SECTION VIII – HANDLING INFORMATION
SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing, gently cover spill with absorbent paper towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite, starting at perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up
DISPOSAL: Decontaminate before disposal; steam sterilization, chemical disinfection, incineration
STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled
SECTION IX – MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
Date prepared: September 1996 Prepared by: Office of Biosafety
LCDC
Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date.
Copyright © Health Canada, 2001
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