Enterovirus 70
Enterovirus 70
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET – INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES
SECTION I – INFECTIOUS AGENT
NAME: Enterovirus 70
SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Enteroviral conjunctivitis, Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, AHC, Apollo 11 disease; EO-70
CHARACTERISTICS: Single-stranded RNA, no envelope, 30 nm diameter, icosahedral capsid, Picornaviridae
SECTION II – HEALTH HAZARD
PATHOGENICITY: Sudden onset of pain or the sensation of a foreign body in the eye; progresses rapidly; swollen eyelids, phobophobia, hyperemia of the conjunctivae, seromucous discharge, subconjunctival haemorrhages; 60-90% of cases have haemorrhages in both eyes and vary in size, large haemorrhages resolves in 7-12 days; rarely systemic and upper respiratory infection; fever and headache in 20% of cases; course of inflammatory is 4-6 days; self-limiting and symptoms resolve in 1-2 weeks; very rarely polio-like paralysis
EPIDEMIOLOGY: First seen in Ghana and Indonesia (1970); pandemic in 1980-82 with spread to tropical areas of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Pacific and parts of Florida and Mexico; small outbreaks in Europe associated with eye clinics; cases among refugees in North America and travellers returning to North America
HOST RANGE: Humans
INFECTIOUS DOSE: Not known
MODE OF TRANSMISSION: By direct or indirect contact with discharge from infected eyes; person-to-person transmission with high attack rates in families; large epidemics associated with overcrowding and low standards of hygiene
INCUBATION PERIOD: Twelve hours to 3 days
COMMUNICABILITY: Unknown, however, at least 4 days after on set and assumed to be communicable for the period of active disease, usually about 1 week
SECTION III – DISSEMINATION
RESERVOIR: Humans
ZOONOS1S: Virus is possibly a variant of some animal viruses
VECTORS: None
SECTION IV – VIABILITY
DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Not applicable
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to 1% sodium hypochlorite, glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde; some non-lipid viruses are only moderately susceptible to 70% ethanol
PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Inactivated by heat (50-60° C for at least 30 min)
SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Stable in liquid environments, survives for many weeks in water, body fluids and sewage; survives well on surfaces and fomites; -70° C infectivity remains for many years, -4° C weeks
SECTION V – MEDICAL
SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms; confirm serologically; reverse- transcription PCR ( RT-PCR)
FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Eye flushing
IMMUNIZATION: None
PROPHYLAXIS: None
SECTION VI – LABORATORY HAZARDS
LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: Documented cases in Japanese lab workers
SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Conjunctival swabs and scrapings
PRIMARY HAZARDS: Indirect contact of mucous membranes with infected materials
SPECIAL HAZARDS: Touching eyes with infected hands
SECTION VII – RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS
CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices, containment equipment and facilities for activities with infected materials and cultures
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves when direct contact with infectious materials is unavoidable; gloves and gown (tight wrists and ties in back) when conducting procedures in the biosafety cabinet
OTHER PRECAUTIONS: Wash hands thoroughly with an antiseptic soap
SECTION VIII – HANDLING INFORMATION
SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wear protective clothing: gently cover spill with paper towel and apply 3% formalin or 2% glutaraldehyde, starting at perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up
DISPOSAL: Decontaminate before disposal; steam sterilization, incineration, chemical disinfection
STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled
SECTION IX – MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
Date prepared: March, 2001
Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC
Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date.
Copyright © Health Canada, 2001
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