Pasteurella spp.
Pasteurella spp.
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET – INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES
SECTION I – INFECTIOUS AGENT
NAME: Pasteurella spp.
SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Shipping fever, Pasteurella haemolytica, P. pneumotropica, P. aerogenes, P. sallinavum, P. multocida, Pasteurellosis
CHARACTERISTICS: Non-spore forming, nonmotile, bipolar, gram negative coccobacilli; tendency towards pleomorphism, aerobic; 1.4 µm by 0.4 µm in size
SECTION II – HEALTH HAZARD
PATHOGENICITY: Localized infection such as cellulitis and abscess; onset less than 24 hours after animal bite or scratch; progress to osteomyelitis and arthritis in some individuals; less common forms chronic pulmonary infections, bacteremia, meningitis and septicemia; otitis media, hepatic cirrhosis and peritonitis are unusual manifestations
EPIDEMIOLOGY: Worldwide; normal flora in many domestic animals (especially cats and dogs); rate of colonization of animals is higher during the cold seasons
HOST RANGE: Domestic and wild animals; humans are accidental hosts
INFECTIOUS DOSE: Not known
MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Primarily by animal bite or scratch (especially from cats and dogs); inhalation of aerosols; wound contamination from infected tissues; mechanical transmission by fleas, flies and cockroaches
INCUBATION PERIOD: Symptoms less than 24 hours after an animal bite
COMMUNICABILITY: Communicable during period of active disease
SECTION III – DISSEMINATION
RESERVOIR: Cats, dogs; wild animals; birds (fowl)
ZOONOSIS: Yes, by animal bite or scratch
VECTORS: Fleas, flies, cockroaches, mosquitoes
SECTION IV – VIABILITY
DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Sensitive to penicillin G and its derivatives (ampicillin, carbencillin, piperacillin), tetracycline, cephalothin, chloramphenicol
DRUG RESISTANCE: First generation cephalosporins are ineffective
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to most disinfectants; 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde, 70% ethanol
PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Inactivated at 55° C for 15 minutes; unstable at low pH
SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Blood remains infectious for 10 days under ambient conditions; infectious tissues survive up to 3 days in sunshine; survives in water at room temperature up to 5 days
SECTION V – MEDICAL
SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms
FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Administer antibiotic therapy, surgery
IMMUNIZATION: None available
PROPHYLAXIS: None
SECTION VI – LABORATORY HAZARDS
LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: Two case were reported associated with laboratory animals up to 1976
SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Lesion material (exudate and sputum); blood
PRIMARY HAZARDS: Accidental parental inoculation; exposure to infectious aerosols
SPECIAL HAZARDS: Naturally and experimentally infected animals pose a risk for laboratory and animal care personnel
SECTION VII – RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS
CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices, containment, equipment and facilities for activities involving clinical specimens and cultures of all species
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves and gown with ties in the back tight wrist when working with infectious materials
OTHER PRECAUTIONS: Heavy protective gloves and face shields to protect from infectious droplets or tissues fragments
SECTION VIII – HANDLING INFORMATION
SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing, gently cover spill with absorbent paper towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite starting at the perimeter and working towards centre; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up
DISPOSAL: Decontaminate all wastes before disposal; steam sterilization, chemical disinfection, incineration
STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled
SECTION IX – MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
Date prepared: March, 2001
Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC
Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date.
Copyright © Health Canada, 2001
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